An effective training evaluation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A viable preparing assessment plan - Essay Example The advantages of worker preparing frequently come over the long haul after the representatives have completely picked up the abilities required. During hard financial occasions when organizations think about cutting on costs, a few chiefs may get a kick out of the chance to get rid of the division of preparing and advancement as it is a n cost for the time being. This anyway is certifiably not a decent move since the advantages of having the office are far a lot more noteworthy than the momentary expenses. Scratching off the office infers that the workforce will be unable to upgrade their abilities and the association may not subsequently have the option to adapt to the adjustments in the business condition, including hard financial occasions. During troublesome monetary circumstances such as downturns, organizations and associations need to have a very much educated and gifted workforce that is equipped for settling on the correct choices to prop the association up. This isn't an i deal opportunity to get rid of the office. One of the most significant assets of any association is its workforce (Montana, and Bruce, 2000). The more gifted and learned an organization’s workforce is, the better the association. An association can guarantee its representatives have the best abilities and information in their callings by having a decent enlistment strategy that guarantees the best competitors are offered chances to work for the association. ... Worker preparing and advancement directly affects the general execution and accomplishment of an association (William, and Kazanas, 2004). Representatives and top supervisors are straightforwardly engaged with dynamic procedures that shape the fate of the association and effectively add to the creation of products and enterprises. Through preparing the workers can progress and enhance their abilities and information to be better positioned to build their presentation levels and improve the organization’s execution. Advantages of Employee Training Employee preparing and advancement is advantageous to both the association and the workers. Among the advantages that representative preparing has to an association incorporate having a spurred workforce, expanded execution levels, expanded benefits, expanded staff faithfulness and maintenance, and extraordinary client care (Cohn, Khurana, and Reeves, 2005). Interest in representative preparing causes the association to have a roused workforce. The worker will feel that their manager thinks about them and their vocation and in this manner be exceptionally energetic to play out their obligations. At the point when the representatives are persuaded to work, there will be an extraordinary workplace with least encounters between the administration and junior workers or among the workers themselves. This guarantees there is agreement in the work environment. This is useful for the association since it guarantees the representatives focus on their primary targets of helping the association accomplish its objectives (Cohn, Khurana, and Reeves, 2005). Representative preparing and advancement is additionally helpful to the association since it prompts expanded execution levels of workers. This guarantees

Human Resource policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource arrangement - Essay Example Constructive activity approach has been embraced by a large portion of the associations to guarantee assorted variety and sex and racial equalization is accomplished (Roberts and Institute of Personnel and Development, pp 22). Positive activity is a named used to allude to the measures which are utilized by organizations and associations to balance the negative effects of separation in work and furthermore to help decrease generalizing and this segregation. In any case, constructive activity isn't intended to realize great treatment for certain individuals who are minimized. While utilizing individuals utilizing the positive activity, managers are not to utilize inadequate people. Constructive activity is an activity which is utilized to assist businesses with empowering some specific gatherings of individuals who unjustly spoke to in the work area to go after advancements and positions. Because of the past segregation in work puts, a few people feel contemptible or unfit to go after positions in specific zones either as a result of their way of life, race or foundation and on occasion due to past encounters which such individuals could have experienced in different associations which caused them to accept that they may not be welcome in different organizations as their representatives. Constructive activity activities have been made legitimate by some specific segments of the law albeit diverse it brings up various issues with respect to instances of constructive segregation which can emerge while utilizing the constructive activity during enrollment and determination forms (Roberts and Institute of Personnel and Development, pp 28-33). Enrollment and determination procedures While completing the enlistment and determination process, the human asset office utilizes various ways to deal with guarantee that the best competitors are chosen and delegated for specific posts. While executing the positive activity strategy, the human asset office ought to guarantee that the type of procedure being utilized would upgrade this training as opposed to preventing it. While settling on the correct strategy to utilize while completing the enrollment and choice procedure, guarantee that the determination method would address the issues of an association. Additionally, the procedure being utilized should meet the prerequisites of the organization. The sort of posts being filled additionally decides the sort of enrollment and determination procedure or method (Roberts and Institute of Personnel and Development, pp 55). One of the significant strategies which is utilized while doing the determination and enrollment process is utilization of meetings. This procedure starts with publicizing whereby an empty post is promoted to the general population or potentially representatives and they are welcome to apply for the post. This draws in a pool of candidates from whom a couple are chosen dependent on merits and different capabilities which the organization or an association regards fundamental. In situations where positive activity is being utilized, the advert set forward ought to unmistakably state so to guarantee that the advert draws in the consideration of the under spoke to people in an association. In order to pull in the ideal people while promoting for occupations utilizing constructive activity approach, an association may publicize work opening in minority ethnic media or other media implies which will undoubtedly arrive at the objective gathering all the more proficiently particularly. This is all the more so when an association wishes to draw in assorted societies or races. During the

Here are a few scholarships worth applying to COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Here are a few scholarships worth applying to COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog With the New Year there are new scholarships (along with their looming deadlines). Many SIPA students receive aid from outside sources, such as their employers, philanthropic groups, or agencies in their own countries. However, those arent the only sources of funding. There are thousands of organizations out there that want to assist students with their education in public policy and international affairs.  Below are a few outside scholarships for SIPA applicants that were hand-selected by our Office of Financial Aid. Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Graduate Fellowship Program The Rangel Graduate Fellowship  awards fellowships towards tuition, room, board, books and mandatory fees for completion of a two-year master’s degree. At the conclusion of two years of study, the Rangel Fellow is expected to obtain a degree in international affairs or another area of relevance to the work of the Foreign Service (such as public administration, public policy, business administration, foreign languages, economics, political science, or communications) at a graduate or professional school. Application Deadline: January 14, 2015 Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund Scholarship The purpose of the grant is to support the education of women from developing countries who are committed to improving the lives of women and children in their home countries. Application Deadline: January 15, 2015 Pride Foundation Scholarships Pride Foundation provides post-secondary educational scholarships to current and future leaders in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ), and straight ally community  from Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Preference is given to students who are  self-identified LGBTQ, members of  LGBTQ families, or  straight allies  who have been strongly supportive of the LGBTQ community. All scholarships emphasize  demonstrated commitment to equality and civil rights for all people. Application Deadline: January 16, 2015 Donald Payne International Development Graduate Fellowship The  Payne Program is designed to attract outstanding young people to careers in international development as USAID Foreign Service Officers.   The Payne Fellowship Program provides benefits valued at up to $90,000 over two years toward a two-year masters degree, arranges internships in Washington D.C. and at USAID missions overseas, and provides professional development and support activities.   Fellows who successfully complete the program become USAID Foreign Service Officers. Application Deadline: January 20, 2015 Alberta Scholarships Program:  Sir James Lougheed Awards of Distinction Applicants must be Canadian Citizens or Landed Immigrants, be Alberta residents, and be enrolled or planning to enroll full-time in a graduate program at an institution outside of Alberta. Application Deadline: February 1, 2015 Walter S. Barr Fellowships Fellowship applicants must be residents of Hampden County, MA  or qualified former residents. Application Deadline: February 1, 2015 Jewish Federation of North America FEREP Graduate Scholarship Program The FEREP program awards up to $40,000 for specified areas of graduate study in return for a minimum two-year paid work commitment in a North American Jewish Federation.   Eligibility is limited to US and Canadian citizens. Application Deadline: February 6, 2015 Pi Gamma Mu Scholarships Pi Gamma Mus scholarships are intended for the first or second year of graduate work in the areas of sociology, anthropology, political science, history, economics, international relations, public administration, criminal justice, law, social work, psychology, and human/cultural geography.  Applicants must be members of the Pi Gamma Mu Honor Society. Application Deadline: February 15, 2015 Stanley M. Schoenfeld Memorial Scholarship The NYS Government Finance Officers Association created this scholarship fund to encourage college students to pursue a career in government finance. The scholarship is available for students who are enrolled in a postgraduate program in public affairs/management (with a concentration in finance) at an accredited college or university in New York State. Application Deadline: February 25, 2015 Armenian-American Citizens’ League Educational and Scholarship Fund Eight to twelve individual scholarship awards are given in the amount of $1,000-$2,000. The scholarship recipients are notified in April.  Eligibility: Permanent resident of the United States. Permanent residence for two years in California. Application Deadline: March 1, 2015

Women In Victorian Era Essay - 1347 Words

During the Victorian era, women were viewed as the very opposite of what a man ought to be. In the words of John Stuart Mill, who published a criticism of the way society differentiated between males and females The female sex was brought up to believe that its ‘ideal of character’ was the very opposite to that of men’s ‘not self-will , and government by self-control, but submission, and yielding to the control of others to live for others; to make complete abnegation of themselves, and to have no life but in their affections.’† (171) Basically, women were expected to be sweet, docile, and man’s perfect helpmate. Contrary to that belief, throughout the Victorian era the view of women began to change, at least in the mind of some.†¦show more content†¦The heroine, Cathy, is the very essence of an unconventional Victorian woman. Cathy is wild, undisciplined, rowdy, and disheveled. She could almost be considered tomboyish in nature. She is definitely not the picture of a â€Å"proper† Victorian girl. I believe that the reason Cathy is as she is, however, is because of the influence of her playmate Heathcliff, who is a reckless, moody young man who brings chaos and bad behavior to everyone he encounters. Compare Cathy to her neighbor Isabella Linton at Thrushcross Grange. Isabella is quiet, neat, dainty, caring, obedient, and well mannered. She bows in deference to the wishes of the men in her life. She is the epitome of what a â€Å"proper† Victorian girl should be like. Although Cathy does eventually begin to dress and behave more like she should, it is only after she comes into contact with the traditional Linton family. Nelly Dean, the family’s faithful housekeepers who has had to put up with much of Cathy’s reckless ways, is amazed at the change in Cathy after her short visit with the Linton’s. â€Å"Instead of a wild, hatless little savage jumping into the house†¦ there lighted from a handsome black pony a very dignified person, with brown ringlets falling from the cover of a feathered beaver, and a long cloth habit, which she was obliged to hold up with both hands that she might sail in.† Cathy had been transformed from her previous ways; at least it seemed to be the case. Cathy’s sister-in-law Frances warnsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Women and Men of the Victorian Era1343 Words   |  6 Pages The Victorian era established strict guidelines and definitions for the ladies and gentleman. Noble birth typically defined one as a lady or a gentleman, but for women in this time period, socioeconomic rank and titles held no prestige or special privileges in a male-dominated society. Commonly, women in this era generally tried to gain more influence and respect but to no avail as their male counterparts controlled the ideals and practices of society. Women were subject to these idealsRead MoreWomen Of The Victorian Era2428 Words   |  10 PagesIntro Throughout history, women are casted with the role of being docile, obedient, and fragile by the traditional values of the patriarchy society. In the nineteenth century during the Victorian era, men expect women to maintain the domestic sphere as a cheerful pure haven for them when they return home from work. The cult of true womanhood which was believed by both the Northern and Southern states at the time was based on four main i deas: the sphere of home and the competitive world outside whichRead MoreWomen During The Victorian Era Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the 19th century, especially during the Victorian era, gender roles became very distinctive. There were certain characteristics that the ideal Victorian man or woman were expected to have which emphasized patriarchal superiority. The patriarchal system meant that males had dominance in their homes, specifically over women. The ideal man during this time period would focus on achieving job related success which, in turn, would show that he is an eligible suitor to get married. It was seenRead MoreWomen During The Victorian Era1321 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in England during the Victorian Era were forced into a mold; their ideal function being marriage and procreation. They were expected to submit to their husbands, look pretty (but not feel passion), and learn everything having to do with sewing and entertainment (but nothing else), all while being expected to support their family. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was an educated woman in Victorian England who was able to step out of this mold and exercise her talent for writing. Browning admired andRead MoreThe Isolation Of Women During The Victorian Era1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with but now are bringing her in. 2. Another clear reference to gender equality and the lack of it as well as a comment on class roles. Here Bronte shows the absurdity of gender restriction and attempts to shed light on the fact that women during the Victorian era had no rights and were too restricted. Ferndean 1. â€Å"Then he stretched his hand out to be led. I took that dear hand, held it a moment to my lips, then let it pass round my shoulder: being so much lower of stature than he, I served bothRead MoreFighting the Fire: Women in the Victorian Era922 Words   |  4 Pagesopposed to Antoinette, who remains a victim of this male dominance due to her submissive nature. Jane is seen as an â€Å"other† character due to her social status and the hierarchy evident in Victorian times. She is hired as a governess at Thornfield, to tutor Adà ¨le, a young girl Rochester adopted. During the Victorian era, a governess was regarded as being almost equivalent to a regular house servant, and this is how Jane is treated when she first arrives at Thornfield. Rochester therefore has some controlRead MoreRole Of Women During The Victorian Era1664 Words   |  7 Pagesshaped by many movements and time periods. The Victorian Period had a huge impact on many aspects in British literature and culture. The roles of women were greatly affected during this time period. The question of what women could (or should) do attracted a lot of debate in the Victorian era. There are numerous characteristics about The Victorian Period, one of them being the transformation of Britain. From the1830’s to the 1870’s, as seen in Victorian Literature, Britain underwent changes that transformedRead MoreWomen s Roles During The Victorian Era1851 Words   |  8 Pages Women’s Roles in the Victorian Era: The ideal woman in Victorian Times epitomized the good and virtuous woman whose live revolved around the domestic sphere of the family and home. She was pious, respectable and busy with no time for idle leisure. Her diligent and evident constant devotion to her husband, as well as to her God. She accepted her place in the sexual hierarchy. Her role was that of a domestic manager: wives and mothers. By the time that the industrial era was well under way in BritainRead MoreIn The Victorian Era, Society’S Views Of Men And Women2079 Words   |  9 PagesIn the Victorian Era, society’s views of men and women and their roles in the world were beginning to dramatically change, and not all were content with these changes. The novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker, represents the mindset that those who felt threatened by these changes had. Mina and the men of the vampire slaying group act in the traditional manner associated with their gender and represent the ideal way Stoker believe d the sexes should behave meanwhile, Dracula and the female vampires are usedRead More Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House887 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, creates a peephole into the lives of a family in the Victorian Era. The play portrays a female viewpoint in a male-dominated society. The values of the society are described using the actions of a woman, Nora, who rebels against the injustices inflicted upon her gender. Women’s equality with men was not recognized by society in the late 1800’s. Rather, a woman was considered a doll

Poetry Is An Art Of Representation Or Imitation - 2631 Words

Poetry is often a poet’s way of portraying emotion unable to be expressed verbally. Even at the beginning of literature, great authors had established this as being a fundamental of poetry, â€Å"both Plato and Aristotle insisted that poetry is an art of representation or imitation† (Hamilton 1829). One of the many poets who have poured their heart and mind into their poetry was Emily Dickinson. Dickinson has been noted as the girl who hid from society with the fear of being unaccepted, â€Å"Frightened by the world and disappointed in her hopes, Dickinson, it is said, retreated into a privacy that shielded her... There,... she is established as a martyr† (Wolosky 17). Despite this reputation, it has been acknowledged that though humble her life was, she was a woman of ambition. Ambition which was flamed by the essayist and fellow poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. â€Å"Dickinson is an assertive and determined poet, as much fury as is ferocity† (Wolosky 17). Emily Dickinson’s isolation did not feed her depressive behavior, but rather was a form of clarification towards her viewpoints on religion and life. Viewpoints, which were inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson.. As an author who established himself decades before Dickinson, Emerson was ahead of his time. He branched from the usual values of life and followed the values found commonly in Hinduism rather than Christianity. Emerson believed in isolation in order to find one s meaning and thrive with the talent that God had assigned. This conceptShow MoreRelatedMimesis: Plato and Aristotle1536 Words   |  7 PagesMimesis: Plato and Aristotle 1,515 Words Philosophy 2348: Aesthetics\ The term ‘mimesis’ is loosely defined as ‘imitation’, and although an extensive paper could be written about the cogency of such a narrow definition, I will instead focus on Plato and Aristotle’s contrasting judgements of mimesis (imitation). I will spend one section discussing Plato’s ideas on mimesis and how they relate to his philosophy of reality and the forms. I will then spend a section examining Aristotle’s differingRead MoreThe Republic By Plato1341 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the topic of poetry in his ideal society. While he sees music and gymnastics as vital parts of society, he sees poetry as something that’s not only unnecessary, but also harmful. Glaucon is surprised by this and questions the reasons Socrates has this way of thinking. Socrates states that â€Å"all such poetry is likely to distort the thought of anyone who hears it, unless he has the knowledge of what it is really like†. Here, Socrates is st ating that the main reason poetry should be banished isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The First Ones 1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthree parts: reason, spirit, and appetite. In his city, he exiled all arts because of three reasons (Plato, â€Å"The Republic). The first reason was because he argued that they pretend to know all sorts of things . Their poetry are â€Å"removed from the truth†. He believes that the images the poets create do not show the good part of the soul. He believes that the reasoned part of the soul is quiet, stable, and not easy to imitate. Poetry imitates the bad part of the soul which is what makes their charactersRead MoreCompare And Contrast Philo And Plato1615 Words   |  7 Pagesbut admires and respects the truth more. Aristotle started to develop his own philosophies, views, and ideas. Aristotle’s philosophy is the opposite of Plato’s, because his methods of inquiry, his realist philosophy, and ideas about mimesis, or imitation, directly countered Plato’s methods, idealism, and ideas about mimesis. Aristotle and Plato had opposing methods of inquiry, specifically on the objectives of their writing and their views on how philosophy is best taught. For example, Plato didRead MoreDoes Art Imitate Life Or Is The Reverse True?1202 Words   |  5 PagesDoes â€Å"Art imitate Life† or is the reverse true? Mimesis. Noun. (art, literature) the imitative representation of nature or human behaviour (dictionary.com). In Plato’s Republic the term â€Å"mimesis† is imitation but Plato discounted imitation in art and poetry as being â€Å"thrice removed from truth† (Jowett). Plato believed the original idea to be the truth and the imitation that comes after to be inferior. Aristotle, on the other hand, wrote in Poetics that tragedy is the imitation of action (Butcher)Read More The Perspective of Plato and Aristotle on the Value of Art Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle on the Value of Art    As literary critics, Plato and Aristotle disagree profoundly about the value of art in human society. Plato attempts to strip artists of the power and prominence they enjoy in his society, while Aristotle tries to develop a method of inquiry to determine the merits of an individual work of art. It is interesting to note that these two disparate notions of art are based upon the same fundamental assumption: that art is a form of mimesis, imitation. Both philosophers areRead MorePlato, in the â€Å"Republic â€Å", ambitiously sets out to prove that art imitates reality by distracting900 Words   |  4 Pagesambitiously sets out to prove that art imitates reality by distracting us from the truth and appeals to socially destructive emotions. He continued his statement by referring that art provides no real knowledge, and that it undermines personal and social well being. In this paper, I will argue that Plato makes an invalid implicit assumption that the representation of life throug h arts is dangerous and doesn’t define the truth since it uses imitation. I will demonstrate that art might be misleading and canRead MoreArguments of Plato in The Republic and Aristotle in Poetics1179 Words   |  5 PagesWhat does imitation (mimesis) involve for Plato and Aristotle? Explain its different features. Mimesis, the ‘imitative representation of the real world in art and literature’ , is a form that was particularly evident within the governance of art in Ancient Greece. Although its exact interpretation does vary, it is most commonly used to describe artistic creation as a whole. The value and need for mimesis has been argued by a number of scholars including Sigmund Freud, Philip Sydney and Adam SmithRead MoreWhy Faustus Is More Than Just A Reproduction Of Sin1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe power of poetry provides mankind much more than an artistic well articulated rhythmic pattern of words. Poets provide mankind, through poetry, the ability to explore intimately the wit, will, virtues, vices, and nature of man’s soul. At first glance it appears that Christopher Marlowe’s, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus follows the Calvinistic teaching, â€Å"†¦that man is a fallen creature whose will is fatally polluted by Original Sin, but also that a poet , by willfully creating verisimilitudesRead MoreArts Are Prettier : Representations Of Visual Arts1362 Words   |  6 PagesUnviewed Arts are Prettier: Representations of Visual Arts in Poetry Stepping into the marvelous Beaux-Art style building of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, we could appreciate the masterpieces of visual arts among many eras of humanities, from ancient Egypt to the Renaissance, from Chinese empires to modern era. Occasionally, we can see that in front of an oil painting or a bronze statue stands someone, who seems to be completely immersed in the atmosphere as if time stops. Can we

Masterpieces of English Literature Free Essays

The world of English literature has produced many diverse and astoundingly amazing works. Two of the most hailed pieces of literature to have graced the lives of readers throughout the ages are Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. These two poems have been around for a great number of years and have created many ripples across the lake of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Masterpieces of English Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite its ancient roots, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight continue to be regarded as two the greatest masterpieces of English literature. This essay will try to show the impact that these two different poems have had on English literature. It will show that despite the age of both poems, they continue to be relevant up to this very day. This essay will show that it is very much important to continue the reading, the study and the appreciation of these works, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, as well as the other masterful pieces of English literature that have been available to schools and readers for a very long time. Beowulf Let us first dissect the epic poem, Beowulf, before we continue with the discussion of the importance of these two pieces. Beowulf was believed to have been written around the time 700 A.D. by an Anglo-Saxon poet. To this day, no one truly knows who wrote the poem but the last surviving manuscript of the poem was found to date back to the time 1000 A.D. and was speculated to have been in the hand of two different scribes. The original manuscript of Beowulf was written in the vernacular, Old English. (Melissa, 1997) The importance of this piece to the entirety of English literature is both very simple and complex. To put it straightforwardly, Beowulf is the oldest surviving poem to have been written in Old English. This is of great importance because all of the poems recovered from that era were found to have been written in Latin. (Anonymous, 2006) The importance of Beowulf in English literature, and in fact to the whole of world literature, is very clear even up to this very day. Because of the wars and battles raging across Europe in those earlier decades, very few literary manuscripts were able to survive. Beowulf, in fact, is the beacon and representative of the meager ten percent of the poetry written in Old English that have survived up to today. (Meyerhoff, 2006) What sets Beowulf apart from its other very few Old English counterparts is that it is an epic poem. In Britain, it has been accepted as a national epic. This is despite the debates and contestations regarding its merits as an epic poem. The mere fact that Beowulf has survived time and history and is available to us today among the very small population of Old English works is enough to prod us to continue in our appreciation and study of the piece. But another importance of the literary piece remains in just that fact, that it has survived an era from which only very few literary works have. This suggests that scholars and even simple individuals are able to take a glimpse at the culture and traditions of that time. Through Beowulf, we are able to see what these individuals held as important and what factors, both literary and in reality, they took into consideration. We say this not in a manner that will suggest taking Beowulf word for word as a historical timeline but rather in a manner that suggests reading deeper into Beowulf and understanding the thoughts and the emotions of the author. One such aspect of the epic poem that sheds light upon the culture of the said time is its constant use of the theme of Christianity. Although it is supposedly written in a pagan setting, the Christian theme in the poem is highly evident and unmistakable to any of its readers. (Yeager, 1999) Perhaps the most amazing part about Beowulf as an epic poem is its resilience as a literary piece. Even though it has much merit as an aged piece and as a standard bearer of Old English poetry, Beowulf would not have survived throughout time if it did not have any other merits. The most important aspect of the epic poem, to my mind, is the fact that despite its age, it still continues to strike every reader deeply. It still calls forth the same emotions among its readers. This is perhaps due to the way it was written. Although the events and places seen in the epic are strange to us, at the very core of the story, we find the same values and interests that are inherent in us even to this very day.   Beowulf is so well-written that even to this day, it continues to enthrall and connect with its diverse readership. No matter how old you are, no matter what country you come from, you are able to recognize the masterful workmanship put into creating Beowulf. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Another much acclaimed piece of English literature is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. It was believed to have been written some time during the fourteenth century. It is considered to be a metrical romance, a romantic tale written in poetic form, about the life of Sir Gawain. (Weston, 1900) Gawain was one of the more talked about characters of the Arthurian tradition. He far outstrips many of King Arthur’s knights in the number of romantic exploits written about his character. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knigh, Gawain exemplifies many of the virtues considered to be important in men of his stature. (Harper) This adds to the importance of the piece itself. With the different virtues that Sir Gawain is seen to have in the romantic poem, readers can easily see what the culture of the 14th century was like. The virtues and culture held to be of importance during that time are extolled clearly in the character of Sir Gawain and can easily be identified through his various actions and descriptions in the poem. This is in contrast to other poems and literary pieces written about Gawain wherein he was portrayed as a flawed and even sometimes brutish character. The importance of this piece may lie in the fact that its author was able to keep up a play of words wherein the reader can derive several different interpretations. This allowed for many different reactions and critics regarding the piece. (Goodlad, 1987)This is probably what kept the piece alive for so long. With regards to literature, it has opened the way for readers to regard different pieces with more wariness, viewing these pieces as perhaps holding more interpretations than that initially viewed. It also holds much importance as a literary piece that defied the genre from which it came. Instead of relinquishing to the trend of producing literary pieces that were straightforward and direct in their presentation of storylines and themes, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’s wordplay and alliterative presentation brought a new style of writing to the fore. To this day, we can witness many new pieces of literature that have taken tot his style of writing providing readers with much more thought-provoking and reflection-inducing pieces. It is safe to say that Sir Gawain and the Green Knight has done much to enrich English literature. References Anonymous. (2006). Beowulf. Spark Notes Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/beowulf/context.html Goodlad, L. (1987) The Gamnes of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 18(1), Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://repositories.cdlib.org/cmrs/comitatus/vol18/iss1/art4 Harper, R. Gawain. The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm Meyerhoff, S. (2006). The Question of Genre in Byliny and Beowulf. The Journal of Russian and Asian Studies, 4, Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=629print=1 Snell, M. (1997) Beowulf. About.com Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://historymedren.about.com/od/beowulf/p/beowulf.htm Weston, J. L. (1900) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/sggk.htm Yeager, R. (1999) Why Read Beowulf? Humanities, 20(2) Retrieved 7 January 2008 from http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/1999-03/yeager.html How to cite Masterpieces of English Literature, Essay examples

Poems ‘Flag’, ‘Out of the Blue’ and ‘Mametz Wood’ Essay Sample free essay sample

In what ways do the verse form ‘Flag’ . ‘Out of the Blue’ and ‘Mametz Wood’ convey the emotions and images of struggle? ‘Flag’ considers the value of nationalism as symbolized by the flag. and explores thoughts of national individuality. with a running metaphor comparing to a flag. It considers how the flag is used and exploited. this creates sympathy. and the chorus explains subtly that the flag is ‘just a piece of cloth’ . In each of the first four stanzas a inquiry and reply is given which both asserts and challenges the power and value of the flag stating the reader. it can command states ; it can actuate work forces ; it can alter the heads of cowards ; it can populate everlastingly. This shows a high degree of power and in a manner shows concealed personification as its capablenesss ( excepting the concluding point ) are of some intelligence that would merely look human. We will write a custom essay sample on Poems ‘Flag’, ‘Out of the Blue’ and ‘Mametz Wood’ Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the concluding stanza the individual asks how he can possess such a powerful point. and the reply to the earlier inquiries is revealed. with holding ownership of the flag can hold awful effects. He addresses the reader straight: ‘the blood you bleed’ . He follows this in the concluding stanza. by uncovering what the ‘piece of cloth’ is. but besides uncovering the effects of taking the flag. losing your independency. the freedom to do your ain determinations and. it is implied. your morality. This lone makes the reader more funny. ‘Out of the Blue’ shows how. in the modern universe. struggle isn’t confined to a battleground. and terrorist act intrudes on everyone’s life. as throughout it shows imagination of an anon. history. The verse form establishes the speaker’s ‘master of the universe’ character. a moneyman looking down from his office. but he is trapped in the combustion edifice. giving of feelings of desperation and horror. Armitage imagines a character from Television footage on 9/11. and invites the reader. who is already a informant to this event. to besides see it from the personal point of position of a victim ; this lone draws more sorrow along with the sense of surrender from the talker. The moral force of the verse form. with the relentless reference to ‘you’ and its inquiry ‘Are your eyes believing’ . implicates the reader in this man’s destiny and besides inquiries our mundane lives ; retroflexing feeling of guilt. and imagination of incapacitated decease. Mametz Wood’ shows a modern position on a struggle stalking about a century after its clip. Sheers makes his position clear in the gap stanza. naming the soldiers ‘the wasted young’ . and shows the ferociousness of war non through the horror of combat. but as the Earth gives up the broken organic structures. The cardinal images of decease are flooring and horrific. in the unnatural angle of their eyeless skulls and their missing jaws. arousing unhappiness and choler. Sheers develops an image of the land being wounded and in demand of mending. proposing war is a offense against nature and the Earth suffers. Subsequently the Earth is personified as a lookout observation and reminding of what one time happened. Although the combat is briefly alluded to in Stanza 3. the verse form so shifts to the present tense. connoting the effects echo down the old ages. It besides gives imagination of an archeological excavation. which is a running subject throughout the verse for m along with decease and hurting silence.

Chinas Media Regulations and Its Political Right to Enforce Conflict with Foreign Correspondents

Abstract In China, foreign journalists are never given sufficient freedom to cover issues related to the state and government. Foreign journalists have always demanded for freedom but the government of China has been reluctant to grant them the right to freedom of the press. In China, the government has the right to enforce laws barring journalists from covering sensitive information touching on the state.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on China’s Media Regulations and Its Political Right to Enforce: Conflict with Foreign Correspondents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Foreign journalists are always in conflict with the government regarding coverage of sensitive events. In this article, the freedom of press in China is compared to the rights of freedom of press in other developed countries such as the US. The paper establishes whether the US laws on freedoms are superior to the Chinese policies on m edia freedoms. Moreover, the paper analyzes how China’s political factors influence media freedoms. In China, cultural factors are known to affect media coverage in a number o ways, especially foreign coverage. In 2011, the US ambassador was one of the envoys who criticized the government of China for controlling media coverage in the country. Foreign journalists were attacked in Beijing and unknown individuals believed to be acting on behalf of the state seized their properties. This paper will employ quantitative research methods in analyzing the influence of state machineries on foreign journalists. The paper will assess a number of secondary sources including journal articles, books, websites, and biographies. In accomplishing this task, the paper will be guided by three major research questions. Moreover, a hypothesis related to foreign media coverage will be developed. Research Questions In case reporters are sent to foreign countries to cover certain events, do they h ave to abide by the local laws barring the rights of journalists as regards to freedom? In other words, do journalists have to follow internationally recognized standards or local standards? Is the US right of freedom of press superior to the Chinese media policy How does political factors and cultural factors affect the media, particularly in China Hypothesis H1. There is a direct relationship between political freedom and media coverage because lack of political freedom affects the activities of journalists, especially foreign journalists H0. No relationship exists between media coverage and political freedomsAdvertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondary Sources Type one: Reference Sources The topic was selected after a careful review of activities going on in China. The media plays a critical role in enhancing the living standards of the poor. For instance, the m edia empowers the poor by availing important information. In cases of corruption, mismanagement of public funds, fraud, political oppression, misrepresentation, and unfair treatment, the media exposes the victims and organizes people to demand for accountability. In many developing countries and communistic societies, foreign media plays a critical role in shaping the political landscape. Politics affects the lives of citizens in a number of ways implying that bad politics would result to poor governance whereas participative politics would lead to accountability. In the third world, foreign journalists have done a commendable job by exposing justices and empowering the locals to participate in their democratic rights. In China, the gap between the poor and the rich is ever increasing meaning that the rich are becoming richer while the poor are live under appalling conditions. The media is China is highly controlled because the owners of the means of production believe that it exist s to interfere with their position. The local media is managed and is highly controlled by the ruling class implying that it would not report cases related to oppression and omission of human rights. From the bibliographies of the works of various scholars, it is evident that foreign journalists have never enjoyed their rights in China. They are often arrested and are taken through inhuman processes in order to frustrate their efforts. President Hu Jintao of China supported the activities of activists in Tunisia because the ruling class in Tunisia was the menace to the world. The ruling class controlled fuel prices and they would increase the prices as they wished. However, the president never supports the activities of freedom fighters in his own country. This is surprising because he sends soldiers and other senior government officials to troubled regions to offer technical assistance yet he does not allow the media to enjoy its freedoms in his own land.Advertising We will wr ite a custom research paper sample on China’s Media Regulations and Its Political Right to Enforce: Conflict with Foreign Correspondents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the bibliographies, it is revealed that the government of China uses other means of containing violence, such as social harmonization. In 2011, the president was concerned with the activities of foreign journalists who urged members to gather to demand for their rights. Foreign journalists communicated to their supporters through the internet, which worried the government and the Communist Party. The bibliographies show that the president urged the supporters of the Communist Party to keep off from activities that would interfere with harmony and stability of the country. Even though the president urged supporters not to engage in unnecessary riots, chaos were reported in over thirteen cities. People urged the government to offer food, employment, clothing , and improve the standards of living. The government of China never allowed demonstrators in streets after first demonstration proved successful. The government refused to grant a permit to journalists, who were mainly foreign. In streets, police officers were deployed in large numbers meaning that the government was ready to use force to dispatch supporters of foreign journalists. Foreign reporters were urged to apply for permits before they could proceed to cover sensitive events. Foreign journalists who never listened to the demands of the government were seriously beaten and their properties were destroyed. For instance, sixteen journalists were seriously injured and others were detained after the first demonstration in Beijing. Historical dictionaries show that the Chinese government does not support the activities of foreign journalists, especially those from the west. Journalists from the west are perceived as forces whose main agenda is to destabilize the government and int erfere with the national security. Historically, China has never been in good terms with the west. The media is one of the properties of the ruling class, which is used to enforce compliance. Historical data show that the west uses the media to discredit the functions of governments in the third world. In this regard, the west is accused of supporting neo-colonialism because it does not respect the laws of developing nations.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondary Sources Type 2: Historical Context Historical sources show that the media in China is highly restricted in matters of coverage. The government restricts both domestic and foreign reporters from covering information perceived to be sensitive to the survival of the government. In 2008, the country hosted an international event in the name of Olympics, but the foreign media was not allowed to cover events beyond its mandate. Even though the economy of the country has been growing at a faster rate, this does not reflect the growth of the media industry. Chinese economic growth supports the global economy because the country contributes a big share of the world’s gross domestic product. After the Cold War, China emerged as one of the global economic powers. However, the international system was still unipolar meaning that the US was the only powerful state. The government drove the economy in China while private investors drove the American economy after the Cold War. In China, even the media industry is owned by the state implying that reporting is biased. The Bloomberg report, which is one of the historical sources used in this article, proved in 2010 that China is the Second largest economy in the world after the US. The Chinese activist, Deng Xiaoping, observed that China had to adopt the tenets of free market economy to achieve its economic interests. History shows that China adopted capitalism in economic development, but embraced communism in matters related to individual rights and freedom. In this regard, the freedom of press and association is highly controlled. In 1978, Deng became the Communist Party leader. He introduced a number of changes, which would guarantee economic development, but not political development. Power was centralized while economic policies were borrowed from well performing nations. In 1992, Deng’s economic development model was readdressed Secondary Sources Type 3 The researcher would conduct a comprehensiv e review of the relevant literatures in this field. This field has received a lot of attention from various scholars. Some of the reports from these scholars have some contradiction and as such, the researcher made effort to address the contradictions. This explains the detailed coverage of the literature review. The review of literatures was done in a two major ways. The first section deals with the conceptual framework while the second section would look at the theoretical framework. Moreover, two major issues will be evaluated under literature review. Directives for foreign correspondence China currently enjoys sustainable laws and regulations in relation to the media sector. This was influenced by her rapidly growing economy and the success that was brought by a successful hosting of the 2008 summer Olympics. The rules legislated fully accommodate and respect global professionals. The outbreak of SARS in 2003, whose communication was delayed until 2006, was followed by constant disasters in the country up to 2006. Due to this, the government legislated rules that made it illegal for the media to cover natural calamities, social strives, and health problems before seeking permission from the government. This law permitted the government department in charge of communications to fine media outlets and journalists who violated this directive up to $ 120001. It was explained that this was an attempt by the government to preclude citizens’ unrest that would result from uncontrolled media reporting. These rules were retracted and were slightly amended as the Olympic Games were fast approaching in 2008. The law was amended to cover reporters who deliberately made up information and spread falsehood. The international media in China continued to witness expanded freedom. From January 2007, the foreign correspondents were allowed legally to interview any Chinese citizen provided the interviewee was willing to be interviewed. This permission was to run throug h to the summer Olympics and ended in October 2008. This meant that journalists were allowed to travel anywhere within China, except Tibet, without seeking permission from the travel agency. When the freedom of interview expired in October 2008, the travel permission was made permanent. This positive development was welcome by hundreds of foreign reporters. In 2008, China experienced a myriad activity. The three big issues were, however, the increase in Tibetan protests, Sichuan earthquake, and the hosting of the summer Olympics. The government led by president Jintao came out strongly, by urging the media to handle these issues responsibly. The government went ahead and distributed guidelines on how it expected the media to conduct itself. The areas that the government wanted the media to take caution included religion, ethnicity, tourism, security, and the stock market trading. The events of 2008, however, marked a major breakthrough towards media freedom in China. The government media department continued to hold the countries’ traditional taboo issues by guiding all the media programming and content in 2009. This was to cut across all the media houses whether domestic or international. Additional requests to have expanded freedom for the media in China came in 2009. This was coincidentally pressed by the salient and crucial political anniversaries in the nation in the same year. These arrays of activities during the year included a number of activities. For instance, the Chinese Communist Party held its 60th anniversary in the same year. Moreover, the party was again to commemorate the 10th anniversary since it banned Falun Gong rebellious movement and the 20th celebration of the Tiananam square revolution. Other events encompassed the 50th anniversary of Delai Lama’s exile. The government needed to cover these occasions both as a strategy to clean its international image and at the same time make the party strong at home2. Things were almost similar to what happened during the Olympics. The rules were drafted, but this time foreign journalists were supposed to operate as per the standards of International Federation of Journalists. The government again made it clear that it expected the media to work to the service of the people, the party and the government in pretext of avoiding social unrests, The correspondents referred to the Chinese media as having naivety when it came to matters of faithfulness and authoritarian idealism that formed the foundation of China as a nation. In 2010 and 2011, the Chinese government defied the US ambassador’s rants to control and manage the media3. In October 2010, Liu Xiabo won the Nobel Peace Prize, being a Chinese dissident the government gave clear instructions that it was illegal for any media house to relay information. Liu’s award gave fresh impetus to the calls for China to release all journalists it had jailed. The Arab uprising in 2011 provided an opportunity to the Chinese government to tighten the noose on the media, claiming it was avoiding similar situations. This was bizarre in the sense that China does not have any similarities with these nations, which included Syria, Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen. While almost lifetime dictators ruled these countries, China’s president, Jintao, who ascended to office in 2003, was set to quit power in 2012. Endless and Biased Complaints from the Foreign Correspondents in China Certain foreign journalists overstep their limits purposefully to vilify the government. The government set up legalities of operation because even free media does not operate in a vacuum. Some of these laws are legitimate and are meant to harmonize or prevent danger during calamities. China is not exceptional. Some media personalities have in one or two occasions used this opportunity negatively. For instance, during the Olympics, China identified Tibet as a forbidden zone. The foreign correspondents club of China accepted and agreed to abide by this fact. They, however, turned around and rebuked the government for restricting access to Tibet, demanding free access. This was ironical. By admitting that Tibet was a forbidden zone, they indicated that they shared the government views on this matter. Why did they have to turn back and accuse the government? The Sichuan earthquake was disastrous and had devastating effects on humanity. The situation called for a humanitarian action. Some journalist managed to access the area without permission. The situation was precarious and therefore the police had to take disciplinary action against the said journalists. This was an attempt to test the government from a negative perspective. The Xinjiang religious riots of 2009 were another case in contention. The rioters who subscribed to the Islam faith threatened to assault the police. The area became a dangerous spot and it required heavy police protection for media personalities to access it. To avoid fatalities , the government advised foreign reporters to rely on the information from the domestic CCTV and Xinhua news agency. It was reported in some media outlets that the police arrested and reprimanded some journalists. This was wrong since it aimed at blackmailing the Chinese government. This is not what freedom of journalism advocates for in China and elsewhere4. In China, the government has made it very clear that media outlets irrespective of whether they are domestic or international have to serve the people of China, the interests of the Chinese Communist Party, and the government. The government further expounds that it is for harmonious prosperity of the people and the Republic. To foreign reporters, this is tantamount to dictatorship and therefore the department is an evil guest. These reporters do not seem to comprehend cultural relativism that explains the difference in cultures and do justify the moral standards of the same. Cultures may conflict, but provided the respective c ommunities appreciate it, the aliens have no obligation to challenge it. China asks the foreign media to stop complaining and become open minded to its policies. Future Project Understanding of Primary Sources Primary sources are those that are obtained from the respondent. They are first hand information collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. To ensure originality in any research, there is need to use primary data. The purpose of collecting data was to help facilitate analysis that would lead to giving answers that are desired in this research (Pointer 99). The objective of this research was to respond to some of the questions that other scholars had not responded to through the existing literature. To be in a position to respond to these questions, there would be need to collect data. After successful collection of data, analysis would be very important. When taken from the field, data is considered raw and therefore cannot be of much help to the target aud ience. For this reason, it is important to analyze data to produce the desired result that would be useful to various individuals. From the literature review, the researcher would gather considerable amount of information about this field. Many of the reports that exist in this field are very resourceful as individuals of high integrity did them. The manner in which they were done also passes as good enough to be used in various aspects of media freedom. However, this is a different research. It must be in a position to develop its own arguments based on data collected from primary sources. This does not rule out the importance of secondary sources of data. Quantitative research involves systematic empirical study of a phenomenon by use of statistical tools. Its main objective is always to employ mathematical theories and models in developing its generalization. Therefore, quantitative method would help in this research. It would enable the researcher to test the hypotheses put fort h for validity and allow the use of a sample as a representation of the entire population. Although qualitative method was traditionally used in social science and would be appropriate in this research, it is not able to give empirical support for research hypothesis. Qualitative methods explain why a given pattern of events has taken place the way they have5. On the other hand, quantitative methods explains what and when of a phenomena. Ethnographic research and phenomenology as approaches of qualitative research would have been appropriate. Ethnography would help in investigation of the culture of Chinese. Phenomenology would have helped investigate realities of the media industry, as well as its effects on society. However, because the process may not empirically support the hypotheses put forward to help guide the research, it was not used in this research. Conceptual and Analytical Tools There would be two key analyical methods used to gather information in this research. The f irst one would be through a questionaire, which would be physically delivered to the responds. The questionaire would seek to capture various attitudes of government officials and foreign journalists regarding their opinions on the existence of the law touching on media freedom, and how the two would compare in terms of performance. The second source of information to be used for the research would be literature on various aspects of the media in general, and the operational activities that takes place within the media industry. The focus of the literature review would be to find information on the application media ethics in the workplace and also to determine the current state of research in relation to the media freedom. The questionnaire would have four parts6. The first part would seek to capture the background information of respondents. The second part would deal with the demography and gender of the respondents. This would be to ascertain the prevalence of views in varoius c ategories in order to ensure that if any differences come about, then they would be captured in their demographic space. The third part would deal with academic credentials and work experience of the respondents. The motivation for this section came from the understanding that different sections of population respond differently to issues, based on age and academic credentials. The fourth part would delve into the specific issues relating to media freedom a unit under investigation. The questionaire would employ a mix of open and closed ended questions to capture different aspects of issues studied. Open ended questions were used because they give respondents more time to figure out their opinions, which would make them volunteer more information related to feelings, outlooks and comprehension of the subject. This would allow a researcher to understand the position of respondents as regards to feelings. Open ended questions minimize some errors that could have been created in the co urse of research. Respondents rarely forget answers if given an opportunity to respond freely. Furthermore, respondents cannot ignore some questions because they must go through all of them. Open ended questions generate data that can be used in data analysis by other researchers. In other words, they allow secondary data analysis. On the other hand, closed-ended questions are analyzed easily. That is why they were used in this study7. Each response can be coded for statistical interpretation. Nonetheless, closed-ended questions are compatible with computer analysis package. The technique is more specific meaning that its answers are consistent in all conditions. This aspect is impossible with open-ended questions because each respondent is allowed to use his or her own words. Finally, closed-ended questions take less time to administer unlike open-ended questions, which are detailed hence time consuming. The questionnaire would be sent to respondents using drop and pick method. The researcher arrived at this decision after considering time and reseources. The method is time consuming, but very effective8. Furthmore, the method allows respondents to reflect on the questions and answer them accurately. Moreover, the method is not affected by the respondent’s level of literacy. One big advantage of the technique is that there is interaction between the researcher and the researched. This means that respondent’s reactions are easily captured. Reactions are important because they give more information regarding the feelings of respondents. The literature collected provided information regarding various theories related to media freedom, which is spread across the last century. The body of literature availed a number of theories dealing with sampling and sample designs in the media freedom and performance issues in the context of human resource develpment in the media industry. Finally, the literature provided information on the state of research on t he field. Various researchers have conducted studies on various elements of media restriction and its effects on political development. This gave the study a sound academic backing and a strong basis for drawing comparisons and conclusions. The use of the questionaire made it possible to capture issues that are unique to the Chinese media industry. This is because there was no accessible literature with required degree of relevance to the subject matter of media coverage in China. The targeted staff responded to the questionaires, which were physically delivered to them. The availability of respondents influenced the choice of this method because the Chinese governemnt operates throughout the day and therefore it is not possible at any one time to find all of them in one place. Physical delivery of the questionnaire increased the accuracy of data collected, as there was interactivity. After collection, the data went through analysis, culminating the observations and conclusions. Lim itations In the process of collecting data for this research, analysis of the gathered data and in compiling data, the researcher would encounter a number of limitations and delimitations. This research will be conducted in the China. This was the scope of primary data collection. However, this field is universal, and issues relating to human rights affect societies in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, the sample population for this research was within the confines of this region. This research paper is meant to be an inclusive analysis of the field of media freedom. The society in the China has a very sharp contrast to that of some other countries, such as the US and Britain. In the United States and the UK, journalists have attained the status where they are considered a powerful force as far as management of public affairs is concerned. They can join any profession without fear of intimidation in whatsoever manner. In contrast, the Chinese society and many other Far East stat es are still not ready for a professional journalist. The researcher would base this research on the primary data gathered from this country, and this would not be a representative of what is happening in all other countries around the world, especially in the Far East states. To counter this challenge, the researcher would use secondary sources of data in the literature review in order to have a clear picture of what is happening in other countries. Review of secondary data reveals that although there is a difference in environmental structure in different societies, the challenges associated with media freedom is becoming universal Urbaniak. Annotated Bibliography Demers, David. Terrorism, globalization mass communication: papers presented at the 2002 Center for Global Media Studies Conference. Spokane, Wash: Marquette Books, 2002. The author notes that there is a mainstream media in China that each journalist should embrace in order to be accepted in society. However, foreign jo urnalists go through a number of challenges because they observe internationally accepted standards. For instance, a journalist should be biased in his or her reporting for him or her to be accepted9. This is against internationally recognized standards that allow journalists to report their findings without political interference. In the first chapter, Demers discusses the relationship between terrorism and the media in China. In the last chapter, he delves into issues that are specific to the Chinese society. For instance, he talks about resistance and change. In China, the ruling class does not allow the media to report things as they happen because their tricks would be revealed. In the last sub-topic, the scholar notes that global media is accused of destroying democracy because states are forced to come up with measures aimed at saving the image. Lam, Willy. Chinese politics in the Hu Jintao era: new leaders, new challenges. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Lam talks about the rising insecurity and the high rate of unemployment in the country. The government is aware of the appalling conditions facing the citizenry but it does not want the media to report. In other words, the government wants the media to report the problems in a way suggesting that the government is doing everything possible to curb the situation. However, foreign journalists are not allowed to report freely because the government believes that Chinese people should handle Chinese problems. Foreign reporting is interpreted to mean domestic interference. The adoption of the current Chinese economic development model was the source of the many problems facing citizens. The author observes that the government is faced with a number of problems, but it does not want the media to highlight them. For instance, the government should create over twenty-five thousand jobs. In the rural areas, there are rising cases of conflicts between peasants and private developers. The government must resolve issues facing peasants and urban dwellers in order to achieve economic and social stability10. However, the government does not want to incorporate the media in unraveling problems facing citizens. In particular, the government views foreign media as an enemy because it meddles in the internal affairs of the state. According to this scholar, this claim is not actually true. In the rural areas, peasants lose their firms to the owners of the means of production through grabbing. The government cannot prosecute land grabbers because they have great influence in government. The peasants and other locals are left in the hands of the ruling class who would do anything, including grabbing, to achieve their selfish interests. The scholar notes that the problem is persistent in the Eastern parts of China yet the government is reluctant to act. Moreover, foreign journalists are not allowed to report issues. Apart from offering security and protection to the poor, the government of China is u nable to provide education, healthcare services, and sufficient sources of energies to the poor. The media is not allowed to cover events involving education, social services, and government-funded projects. The author concludes by observing that the government should allow the media to report issues related to education, security, healthcare, sustainability, and accountability. From the author’s analysis, it is true that the media, especially foreign media, has a great role to play in socio-economic and political development. In developed countries such as Japan and the US, the government has achieved a lot as far as economic and social developments are concerned. The government of China could achieve more in case it allows unbiased media coverage. Marchetti, Gina. From Tian’anmen to Times Square: transnational China and the Chinese diaspora on global screens, 1989-1997. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 2006. The book talks about the culture of Chinese in other count ries. From the study of Chinese culture, it is eminent that they support the activities of their government as regards to media restriction. The book explores major issues affecting Chinese nationals in foreign countries such as race, gender, sexuality, and unemployment. The book draws examples from primary sources such as videos, films, and digital works11. Since 1989, the culture of the Chinese has changed in a number of ways. However, the Chinese are still reluctant to support foreign journalists in their country. The media has changed the perceptions of Chinese towards themselves and other people. The book presents the activities of artists in China and Beijing. In any given society, artists present the evils in society through literary plays and other works of art. From the plays, it is evident that Chinese are yet to adopt global culture regarding media reporting and coverage. Foreigners are always viewed as people whose main aim is to interfere with the living standards of Ch inese. The Chinese movies show that Chinese are people who are reluctant to accept change. In the movies, the problems facing foreign artistes are highlighted. Foreign journalists face a number of problems including mistrust, government oppression, language problems, cultural conflicts, and insecurity. On the other hand, the Chinese government does little to help foreign journalists realize their potentials. In China, foreign filmmakers face problems, especially in matters related to marketing. The government of China supports journalists producing films and videos that support government policies. Those that ridicule the government or the Communist Party are often denied licenses. This is unfair because the role of the media is to highlight problems while the role of the government is to formulate and implement policies. The media and the government should work closely to uplift the living standards of the poor. In China, the relationship between the media and the government is ver y weak. Rarely does the government consult other stakeholders before formulating policies. Through the movies, foreign journalists show that the government should adopt the tenets of the free market economy. The government must open up if socio-economic development is to be achieved. Di, Zhang. A relational perspective on media relations strategies: The Chinese government’s news conferences from 2001 to 2009. Public Relations Review, 38. 5, (2012), 684–696. The above researcher utilized conceptual structure of organizational-public relations cultivation strategy to analyze the behavior of Chinese government towards foreign journalists12. The scholar employed quantitative research methods whereby he sent a number of questionnaires to respondents and conducted an analysis using software. In his research, it was found out that the government of China is changing its perception towards foreign journalists, even though the pace is very slow. The scholar differs from the res t of scholars because he claims that the Chinese government is strengthening relations with foreign journalists. Leach, Jim. Freedom of the press in China after SARS: reform and retrenchment : roundtable before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, September 22, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. The above scholar utilized interviews to collect information from Chinese academicians specializing on media freedom. The interviewed scholars observed that the freedom of press in China is a menace to many officials in government because they will always do everything possible to suppress press freedom. The report argues that continuous criticisms on Chinese media have strengthened the activities of foreign journalists. The government is appreciating the role of foreign journalists slowly. The government of China has recently issued a circular urging all media houses to make public all sensitive information regardless of the government†™s directives. However, the chairperson observes that the international community does not support the continued arrest of journalists because the government has always attempted to hide sensitive information13. In particular, the government of China urged all media houses not to cover certain topics in 2003. This announcement was a direct interference with the right to freedom of press. Recently, the government of China announced that it would cut links with media organizations that do not make substantive profits. Moreover, all media houses are supposed to abide by the rules in order to be licensed. In the report, Gong observed that the government of China, through the Communist Party, had formulated a law that would permit foreign journalists to conduct their duties without fear of retribution. The new policies aimed at opening up the market for media companies. The interviewee observed that the new laws could easily be misunderstood because of its origin. In the scholarâ€℠¢s perspective, the laws did not change the perception of the Communist Party towards the media. The party still believed that the media should be controlled to enhance harmony and peaceful coexistence. The observer noted that the new rules could help the political elites to dominate the working class. The rules discouraged foreign reporters from covering events taking place in the government. The second interviewee observed that the media freedom was taking place at slower pace because many people were opposed to change. The SARS epidemic was responsible for the changes taking place in China. The residents of Beijing depended on the internet for communicating with other like-minded citizens. In other words, Bu noted that the internet is shaping the relationship between foreign journalists and other activists in the country. Activists depend on the internet. Brad, Adams, and Gorvin, Ian. You will be harassed and detained†: media freedoms under assault in China ahead of the 200 8 Beijing Olympic Games. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2007. Before the 2007 Olympics, foreign journalists were warned not to contravene the rules and regulations set by the People’s Republic of China because they would face charges of incitement. An umbrella body representing journalist observed that they would be allowed to cover issues related to accountability and governance because they were considered high politics14. China is not like the US whereby public opinion is respected. Minley, Worden. China’s Great Leap the Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2010. Minley talks about the role of government in China as regards to media freedom. He notes that the media does not enjoy its freedoms because of the interference from the state machineries. The author draws his findings from the works of well-known journalists, event organizers, and writers. Beijing hosted the 2008 Olympic Games successfully, but the country was ac cused of meddling with the activities of journalists. Before the games, China had experienced one of the deadliest revolutions related to the market. The prices of goods were ever increasing and the purchasing power of many people was low. However, the government never took any initiative to correct the anomalies in the market15. The media was not allowed to cover some of the problems facing citizens. The author notes that China wants to strengthen its relations with the west, but it cannot do so without granting journalists their rights to freedom of press. Questions were raised whether leaders in Beijing could host the competition successfully yet journalists were not allowed to cover some issues that could jeopardize the activities of the government. China was fighting to maintain its face externally and internally. However, it had to allow journalists to cover issues of their interests while the competitions were going proceeding. However, the freedom granted to journalists was censured as soon as the games ended. From the author’s analysis, it is evident that international actors force the country to adapt controversial policies. China had to allow journalists to conduct their activities without government’s interference. This would give the country a good image. Youngming, Zhou. Privatizing Control: Internet Cafes in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008. In the above book, the scholar talks about the role of the government in privatizing the internet cafà © in China. The main aim of the government is to enforce compliance. Therefore, it privatizes the major information circulation centers to prevent foreign journalists from accessing them16. The author observes that the government strives to be liberal in order to open up the economy, but it does not want to grant individuals their rights and freedom. The scholar employs the views of Foucault on government to analyze the situation in China. The privatization process in China is co ntrolled, unlike other places where privatization operates according to the market forces. Cheung, Anne. â€Å"China Internet going wild: Cyber-hunting versus privacy protection.† Computer Law and Security Review 25.1 (2009): 275-279. The scholar concurs with the views of other scholars that the internet has transformed the lives of many people in the world. However, the media is used both negatively and positively. The foreign media is accused of causing social problems such as child abuse and violence. The government of China is concerned with the negative influence of the media17. Foreign journalists are known to name corrupt public officers, which does not go down well with the government. Calingaert, Daniel. â€Å"Authoritarianism vs. the Internet.† Freedom House – Policy Review, 5.3 (2010): 63-75. The author observes that the government of China is always in the process of shutting up, shutting off and shutting down the foreign media18. Chung, Jongpil. â⠂¬Å"Comparing Online Activities in China and South Korea: The Internet and the Political Regime.† Asian Survey 48.5, (2009): 90-110. The findings of Chung suggest that the government of China is uncomfortable with any media associated with foreigners. For instance, the government was reluctant to enter into partnership with Google because the company was believed to interfere with the activities of the government. In the neighboring states such as South Korea and Taiwan, the governments support the social media because it transforms the lives of people in a number of ways19. In particular, the social media is used for advertising. Dann, Gert, and Neil Haddow. â€Å"Just Doing Business or Doing Just Business: Google, Microsoft, Yahoo!, and the Business of Censoring China†. Journal of Business Ethics, 3.1 (2008): 219-234 The two scholars talk about the influence of social media on the lives of Chinese. A number of social media companies such as Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, a nd Twitter operate in China yet the Chinese population is reluctant to utilize the services to transform their lives20. The two scholars wonder whether the Chinese citizens are comfortable with the social media. The results of their findings suggest that the Chinese populace is against the social media because they believe that the social media companies infringe on their freedom. Qinglian, He. â€Å"Walking the Tightrope-Media Control in China†. China Rights Forum, 4.2 (2004): 87. In China, the adoption of capitalistic tenets has affected the media in a number of ways. Unlike in other parts of the world, China adjusted the capitalistic mode of production in such a way that the media is used a tool of furthering economic interests of the rich. The rich cannot allow foreign journalists to communicate freely with the proletariat. The ruling class ensures that public opinion is controlled because it affects their interests21. The article talks about the methods employed by the r uling class to control the activities of the foreign journalists. The article traces the developments in the media industry since 1990. MacKinnon, Rebecca. â€Å"Flatter World and Thicker Walls? Blogs, Censorship, and Civic Discourse in China.† Public Choice, 3.2 (2008): 31-46 In the article, the author opposes the view that the activities of foreign journalists will one-day lead to a revolution in China. In China, the populace seems comfortable with the leadership styles employed by the government22. The Chinese government realized that economic development would be achieved through the adoption of free market economy policies. However, the economic changes came with political changes. The media became a menace to government officials. Therefore, the government had to look for ways to minimize the influence of foreign journalists. Hassid, Jonathan. â€Å"Controlling the Chinese Media: An Uncertain Business.† Asian Survey, 48.3 (2010): 414-430 The scholar notes that th e Chinese media is highly decentralized and commercialized. However, the government is able to control it. In particular, the government does not allow foreign journalists to report certain things considered sensitive. The writer wonders how the Chinese government is able to control the media yet various people control, some coming from different countries23. The article is critical as far as understanding the ownership of the media industry in China is concerned. Bibliography Brad, Adams, and Gorvin, Ian. You will be harassed and detained†: media freedoms under assault in China ahead of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2007. Brady, Matt. Guiding Hand: The Role of the CCP Central Propaganda Department in the Current Era. Communication Culture Journal, 3.1 (2006): 76-90. Calingaert, Daniel. â€Å"Authoritarianism vs. the Internet.† Freedom House – Policy Review, 5.3 (2010): 63-75. Cheung, Anne. â€Å"China Internet going wild: Cyber- hunting versus privacy protection.† Computer Law and Security Review 25.1 (2009): 275-279 Chung, Jongpil. â€Å"Comparing Online Activities in China and South Korea: The Internet and the Political Regime.† Asian Survey 48.5, (2009): 90-110. Dann, Gert, and Neil, Haddow. â€Å"Just Doing Business or Doing Just Business: Google, Microsoft, Yahoo!, and the Business of Censoring China†. Journal of Business Ethics, 3.1 (2008): 219-234 Demers, David. Terrorism, globalization mass communication: papers presented at the 2002 Center for Global Media Studies Conference. Spokane, Wash: Marquette Books, 2002. Di, Zhang. â€Å"A relational perspective on media relations strategies: The Chinese government’s news conferences from 2001 to 2009†. Public Relations Review, 38.5, (2012): 684–696. Feinberg, Rich. â€Å"Dialectics of Culture: Relativism in Popular and Anthropological Discourse†. Anthropological Quarterly 80.3 (2007): 777-790. Folsom, Minan . Law and Politics in the People’s Republic of China. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1997. Hassid, Jonathan. â€Å"Controlling the Chinese Media: An Uncertain Business.† Asian Survey, 48.3 (2010): 414-430. Lam, Willy. Chinese politics in the Hu Jintao era: new leaders, new challenges. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Leach, Jim. Freedom of the press in China after SARS: reform and retrenchment : roundtable before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, September 22, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. MacKinnon, Rebecca. â€Å"Flatter World and Thicker Walls? Blogs, Censorship, and Civic Discourse in China.† Public Choice, 3.2 (2008): 31-46 Marchetti, Gina. From Tian’anmen to Times Square: transnational China and the Chinese diaspora on global screens, 1989-1997. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 2006. Minley, Worden. China’s Great Leap the Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges. New York: Seve n Stories Press, 2010. Qinglian, He. â€Å"Walking the Tightrope-Media Control in China†. China Rights Forum, 4.2 (2004): 87. Rugg, Garson. Using statistics: a gentle introduction. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007. Rugg, George. A gentle guide to research methods. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2007. Taylor, Grace. Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in research. Lanham: University Press of America, 2005. Vogt, Philgona. Quantitative Research Methods for Professionals Author. New York: Pearson, 2007. Yang, Ash. (2009). â€Å"Chinese Media in Change: A comparison of Chinese Media Framing of the 2003 SARS Crisis and the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake†. International Communication Association 4.1 (2009): 41-65. Youngming, Zhou. Privatizing Control: Internet Cafes in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008. Footnotes 1Folsom Minan (Law and Politics in the People’s Republic of China. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1997), p. 39. 2 Feinberg, Rich. â€Å"Dialect ics of Culture: Relativism in Popular and Anthropological Discourse†. Anthropological Quarterly 80.3 (2007): 777-790. 3Yang, Ash. â€Å"Chinese Media in Change: A comparison of Chinese Media Framing of the 2003 SARS Crisis and the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake†. International Communication Association 4.1 (2009): 41-65. 4 Brady Matt (Guiding Hand: The Role of the CCP Central Propaganda Department in the Current Era. Communication Culture Journal, 3.1 2006) p. 88, 5 Taylor Grace (Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in research. Lanham: University Press of America, 2005), p. 49. 6 Rugg George (A gentle guide to research methods. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2007), p. 23. 7 Vogt Philgona (Quantitative Research Methods for Professionals Author. New York: Pearson, 2007), p. 78. 8 Rugg Garson (Using statistics: a gentle introduction.. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007), p. 67. 9Demers David (Terrorism, globalization mass communication: papers presented at the 2002 Ce nter for Global Media Studies Conference. Spokane, Wash: Marquette Books, 2002), p. 112 10 Lam Willy (Chinese politics in the Hu Jintao era: new leaders, new challenges. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2006), p. 43. 11Marchetti Gina (From Tian’anmen to Times Square: transnational China and the Chinese diaspora on global screens, 1989-1997. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 2006), p. 76. 12Di Zhang (â€Å"A relational perspective on media relations strategies: The Chinese government’s news conferences from 2001 to 2009†. Public Relations Review, 38.5, 2012), p. 684. 13 Leach Jim (Freedom of the press in China after SARS: reform and retrenchment : roundtable before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, September 22, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O), p. 59. 14 Brad Adams and Gorvin Ian (You will be harassed and detained†: media freedoms under assault in China ahead of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. New York: Hum an Rights Watch, 2007), p. 76. 15 Minley Worden (China’s Great Leap the Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2010), p. 114. 16 Youngming, Zhou (Privatizing Control: Internet Cafes in China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008), 90. 17 Cheung, Anne. â€Å"China Internet going wild: Cyber-hunting versus privacy protection.† Computer Law and Security Review 25.1 (2009): 275-279 18Calingaert Daniel (â€Å"Authoritarianism vs. the Internet.† Freedom House – Policy Review, 5.3 2010), 63. 19 Chung, Jongpil (â€Å"Comparing Online Activities in China and South Korea: The Internet and the Political Regime†. Asian Survey 48.5, 2009), 100. 20 Dann, Gert and Neil Haddow (â€Å"Just Doing Business or Doing Just Business: Google, Microsoft, Yahoo!, and the Business of Censoring China†. Journal of Business Ethics, 3.1 2008), 234. 21 Qinglian, He (â€Å"Walking the Tightrope-Media Control in China†. Ch ina Rights Forum, 4.2 2004), 87. 22 MacKinnon, Rebecca (â€Å"Flatter World and Thicker Walls? Blogs, Censorship, and Civic Discourse in China.† Public Choice, 3.2 2008), 46. 23 Hassid Jonathan (â€Å"Controlling the Chinese Media: An Uncertain Business.† Asian Survey, 48.3 2010), 430. This research paper on China’s Media Regulations and Its Political Right to Enforce: Conflict with Foreign Correspondents was written and submitted by user Lea Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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